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Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) was developed in 1961 by A.T. Beck and his colleagues based on the Beck questionnaire.

Aaron Temkin Beck - the famous American psychiatrist, the founder of cognitive psychotherapy, was born into a family of Ukrainian Jewish immigrants in 1921.

This questionnaire is one of the first, which is highly relevant and specific, designed for use in clinical practice to diagnose and assess the level of depressive disorders. Despite the date of development, the Beck Depression Scale is not outdated and is widely used in psychiatric and psychotherapeutic practice even today. There are three versions of this questionnaire: BDI, BDI-1A, BDI-II. The Russian version of the E. Beck depression scale is common in the adaptation of N.V. Tarabrina.

This questionnaire consists of 21 categories of symptoms and complaints, each of which contains several options for statements. Please read all the response options for each category carefully and choose the one that best describes how you have been feeling over the past two weeks, including today.

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Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI)

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1. (out of 21):

Select the only answer

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a) I do not feel sad.

b) I feel sad.

c) I am sad all the time and I can't snap out of it.

d) I am so sad and unhappy that I can't stand it.

2. (out of 21):

Select the only answer

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a) I am not particularly discouraged about the future.

b) I feel discouraged about the future.

c) I feel I have nothing to look forward to.

d) I feel the future is hopeless and that things cannot improve.

3. (out of 21):

Select the only answer

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a) I do not feel like a failure.

b) I feel I have failed more than the average person.

c) As I look back on my life, all I can see is a lot of failures.

d) I feel I am a complete failure as a person.

4. (out of 21):

Select the only answer

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a) I get as much satisfaction out of things as I used to.

b) I don't enjoy things the way I used to.

c) I don't get real satisfaction out of anything anymore.

d) I am dissatisfied or bored with everything.

5. (out of 21):

Select the only answer

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a) I don't feel particularly guilty.

b) I feel guilty a good part of the time.

c) I feel quite guilty most of the time.

d) I feel guilty all of the time.

6. (out of 21):

Select the only answer

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a) I don't feel I am being punished.

b) I feel I may be punished.

c) I expect to be punished.

d) I feel I am being punished.

7. (out of 21):

Select the only answer

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a) I don't feel disappointed in myself.

b) I am disappointed in myself.

c) I am disgusted with myself.

d) I hate myself.

8. (out of 21):

Select the only answer

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a) I don't feel I am any worse than anybody else.

b) I am critical of myself for my weaknesses or mistakes.

c) I blame myself all the time for my faults.

d) I blame myself for everything bad that happens.

9. (out of 21):

Select the only answer

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a) I don't have any thoughts of killing myself.

b) I have thoughts of killing myself, but I would not carry them out.

c) I would like to kill myself.

d) I would kill myself if I had the chance.

10. (out of 21):

Select the only answer

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a) I don't cry any more than usual.

b) I cry more now than I used to.

c) I cry all the time now.

d) I used to be able to cry, but now I can't cry even though I want to.

11. (out of 21):

Select the only answer

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a) I am no more irritated by things than I ever was.

b) I am slightly more irritated now than usual.

c) I am quite annoyed or irritated a good deal of the time.

d) I feel irritated all the time.

12. (out of 21):

Select the only answer

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a) I have not lost interest in other people.

b) I am less interested in other people than I used to be.

c) I have lost most of my interest in other people.

d) I have lost all of my interest in other people.

13. (out of 21):

Select the only answer

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a) I make decisions about as well as I ever could.

b) I put off making decisions more than I used to.

c) I have greater difficulty in making decisions more than I used to.

d) I can't make decisions at all anymore.

14. (out of 21):

Select the only answer

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a) I don't feel that I look any worse than I used to.

b) I am worried that I am looking old or unattractive.

c) I feel there are permanent changes in my appearance that make me look unattractive.

d) I believe that I look ugly.

15. (out of 21):

Select the only answer

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a) I can work about as well as before.

b) It takes an extra effort to get started at doing something.

c) I have to push myself very hard to do anything.

d) I can't do any work at all.

16. (out of 21):

Select the only answer

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a) I can sleep as well as usual.

b) I don't sleep as well as I used to.

c) I wake up 1-2 hours earlier than usual and find it hard to get back to sleep.

d) I wake up several hours earlier than I used to and cannot get back to sleep.

17. (out of 21):

Select the only answer

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a) I don't get more tired than usual.

b) I get tired more easily than I used to.

c) I get tired from doing almost anything.

d) I am too tired to do anything.

18. (out of 21):

Select the only answer

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a) My appetite is no worse than usual.

b) My appetite is not as good as it used to be.

c) My appetite is much worse now.

d) I have no appetite at all anymore.

19. (out of 21):

Select the only answer

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a) I haven't lost much weight, if any, lately.

b) I have lost more than 3 five pounds.

c) I have lost more than 5 ten pounds.

d) I have lost more than 7 fifteen pounds.

I am trying to lose weight by deliberately restricting myself in food:

e) Yes;

f) No;

20. (out of 21):

Select the only answer

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a) I am no more worried about my health than usual.

b) I am worried about physical problems like aches, pains, upset stomach, or constipation.

c) I am very worried about physical problems and it's hard to think of much else.

d) I am so worried about my physical problems that I cannot think of anything else.

21. (out of 21):

Select the only answer

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a) I have not noticed any recent change in my interest in sex.

b) I am less interested in sex than I used to be.

c) I have almost no interest in sex.

d) I have lost interest in sex completely.